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How Powerful Was the Apollo 11 Computer?

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How Powerful Was the Apollo 11 Computer?

I got to thinking, how powerful was the computer that took Man to the Moon back in 1969? How does the Apollo computer compare to the iPhone? (Who wants to go to the Moon, anyway?)

It turns out that’s a tough comparison to make, as the simplest of iPhones is so advanced compared to the technology used in Apollo’s guidance system that it’s hard to believe they both came from the same planet, and we can be pretty sure that we’re dealing with some really archaic hardware.

Indeed, those Big Machines were nothing short of amazing. Comparing the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) to an IBM PC XT. Did you know that the 8088 which formed the basis for the IBM PC, released in 1981, just a decade after Apollo 11’s trip to the Moon, had eight times more memory than Apollo’s Guidance Computer (16k, vs the Apollo’s 2k). The IBM PC XT ran at a dizzying clock speed of 4.077MHz. That’s 0.004077 GHz. The Apollo’s Guidance Computer was a snail-like 1.024 MHz in comparison, and it’s external signaling was half that.

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Internally, the architecture of 8086 had 8 16-bit registers available to work with. It could keep track of eight registers, the Apollo Guidance Computer held just four.

The most amazing part that will blow you away isn’t so much the hardware, as the software they used to get to the Moon. In fact, the real-time operating system in the Apollo 11 spacecraft could multi-task eight jobs at a time, something we take entirely for granted today, but no small feat for the time it was developed.

Multi-tasking however, wasn’t quite as we now think of it. Our operating systems use pre-emptive -multitasking, where the operating system itself is in control of the execution and can stop any program at any time. The AGC relied on non-pre-emptive multi-tasking, whereby programs had to relinquish control back to the OS periodically.

The Apollo system also implemented a virtual machine which offered more complex instructions, and could be used to perform more advanced mathematics. For its time, this was way-out stuff in 2k of memory and 32k of storage. The OS managed transition between native instructions and the instruction set of the virtual machine, which let developers mix and match the hardware level instructions with the virtual instructions within the same assembler code.

Even more, the Apollo 11 was actually the advanced “Block II” version of the AGC – the earlier missions had relied upon as little as 24k of core read-only storage, and only 1k of main memory!

And what about interface? The AGC was way switches and blinking lights, and every command was entered in a combination of “verb noun pairs”, which would be input as numbers. These numbers were translated into English on a painted sign in the spacecraft.

The Apollo Guidance Computer had only one error message, and when it flashed, it meant the real end was near. On the Apollo 11 mission a 1201 error, and then a 1202 flashed causing enormous concern on the lander and back on Earth, after the spaceship crew had mistakenly left one radar system on, while the landing crew used a second system to determine the distance to the ground. The computer was taking in too much data to function, and left the crew in the lurch.

So, when you think about all those amazing manned missions to the Moon, and what it took to get there, keep in mind that had the complexities of the eventual AGC been understood when the NASA team began to design it, they likely never would have started, as they would have considered the computer far outside the available technology of the day.

We take interplanetary travel for granted today. One day Man is going to do the same with interstellar travel. And people will smile just looking at today’s iPhones and iPads, so obsolete and so out-of-date toys the Humans had to deal with to communicate.

⚠️ A NOTE FOR NEW USERS ⚠️¶

This repository is currently not compatible with the latest versions of Minecraft: Bedrock Edition.However, there is an active fork of this repo that does run the latest versions. Both repositories are also undergoing a rewrite to support the new 64Bit versions of Bedrock Edition (Hooray Catalina users!). You can find links For Linux and Mac OS builds below.

Linux - https://github.com/ChristopherHX/linux-packaging-scripts/releases

MacOS - https://github.com/ChristopherHX/mcpelauncher-manifest/releases

MacOS¶

A prebuilt macOS binary is available here.

If you want to compile from sources on macOS go here.

Linux Mint¶

Please note that Mint 19 DOES NOT equal Ubuntu 19.04. Use the Ubuntu18.04 instructions for Mint 19.

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Ubuntu 19.04¶

You will need to install 32 bit graphics drivers - for integrated graphics and most AMD GPUs libegl1-mesa-dev:i386 will work.

Ubuntu 18.04 and 18.10¶

You will need to install 32 bit graphics drivers - for integrated graphics and most AMD GPUs libegl1-mesa:i386libegl1-mesa-dev:i386 will work.

If you want to compile from sources on Ubuntu 18.04 or 18.10 go here.

Ubuntu 16.04¶

You will need to install 32 bit graphics drivers - for integrated graphics and most AMD GPUs libegl1-mesa:i386libegl1-mesa-drivers:i386 will work.

If you want to compile from sources on Ubuntu 16.04 go here.

Arch¶

There are Arch AUR packages available: mcpelauncher-msa-gitmcpelauncher-msa-ui-qt-git for Xbox Live support (you need to install both), mcpelauncher-linux-git for the actual launcher and mcpelauncher-ui-git for the metalauncher (recommended). You will need to enable the multilib repository. For audio support, you need to install lib32-libpulse and lib32-alsa-plugins.

So, summing it up you should install: mcpelauncher-msa-gitmcpelauncher-msa-ui-qt-gitmcpelauncher-linux-gitmcpelauncher-ui-gitlib32-libpulselib32-alsa-plugins

AppImage¶

A prebuilt AppImage binary is available here. After downloading simply open terminal, chmod+xMinecraft_Bedrock_Launcher.AppImage and run it.

This is generally the preferred way if your OS is not one of the ones listed above.

Flatpak¶

You can also install mcpelauncher via Flatpak on FlathubTo install it, first setup Flatpak then run

To run it, run

Source build¶

If there are no packages available for your distribution, check out the Source build guide.

You can also use the Linux build script.

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Getting help¶

We have a Discord chatroom, which you can join using the following link: https://discord.gg/TaUNBXr